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The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War (Warfare and History), by Richard C. Hall
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In The Balkan Wars 1912-1913, Richard Hall examines the origins, the enactment and the resolution of the Balkan Wars, during which the Ottoman Empire fought a Balkan coalition of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia.
The Balkan Wars of 1912 - 1913 opened an era of conflict in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, which lasted until 1918, and which established a basis for problems which tormented Europe until the end of the century.
Based on archival as well as published diplomatic and military sources, this book provides the first comprehensive perspective on the diplomatic and military aspects of the Balkan Wars. It demonstrates that, because of the diplomatic problems raised and the military strategies and tactics pursued to resolve those problems, The Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 were the first phase of the greater and wider conflict of the First World War.
- Sales Rank: #1641880 in Books
- Published on: 2000-10-20
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .45" w x 6.14" l, .62 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 196 pages
Review
"a superb overview of the military history of the Balkan Wars."
-"Military History
"For the first time, a clear military account of the Balkan Wars.."
From the Back Cover
The Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 opened an era of conflict in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, which lasted until 1918, and which established a basis for problems which tormented Europe until the end of the century.
In The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War Richard Hall examines the origins, the enactment and the resolution of the Balkan Wars, during which the Ottoman Empire fought a Balkan coalition of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia. In 1913 the Balkan coalition collapsed as Bulgaria confronted its erstwhile allies Greece, Montenegro and Serbia and also came under attack by the Ottoman Empire and Romania. The resolution of these wars in the Treaty of Bucharest proved ephemeral. The embers remaining from these conflagrations soon ignited again to engulf Europe in the First World War.
Based on archival as well as published diplomatic and military sources, this book provides the first comprehensive perspective on the diplomatic and military aspects of the Balkan Wars. It demonstrates that, because of the diplomatic problems raised and the military strategies and tactics pursued to resolve those problems, the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 were the first phase of the greater and wider conflict of the First World War.
About the Author
Richard C. Hallis Professor of History at Minnesota State University, Mankato and is the author of Bulgaria's Road to the First World War,(1996).
Most helpful customer reviews
39 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
Good but flawed synthesis
By A Customer
This is a readable brief account of a series of conflicts about which far too little has been written in English, which should serve non-Balkan specialists well. But it falls considerably short of what one would like, even for a book of 176 pages. There are an embarrassing number of editing lapses (e.g., repetition of the sentence beginning "Negotiations..." on p. 69) and typos, for which the publisher bears some responsibility. Forms of proper names are mostly Bulgarian (with inconsistencies), with no cross-reference to, say, the usual Yugoslav spelling of "Pashich" and rendering of Turkish names, when they are given at all, without dotless i's, etc. Previous reviewers have commented on the grossly inadequate maps; the photo on the cover of the paperback edition whets my appetite for more illustrations, which are completely lacking. Anyone with access to a large public or university library should look for old literature on the war, such as Hermenegild Wagner's _With the Victorious Bulgarians_ (1913), which has very good maps of the Thracian theater.
Hall depends heavily on Slavic sources on the wars, especially Bulgarian ones, which he has thorough control of, but the results are some quite idiosyncratic casualty figures. (The Turkish General Staff's official history of the war, _Balkan harbi_, is cited nowhere, presumably because the author doesn't read Turkish.) The Serbian army's casualties seem far too small, considering that they took every Turkish position by direct assault (e.g., less than 4,000 Serb casualties for the battle of Kumanovo, as opposed to 12,000 Turkish losses). If the Turks had simply retreated instantly, the low casualties would seem understandable, but the Ottoman casualties given for the Macedonian theater are quite high, so one might conclude either that Serbian casualties were greatly underplayed or that the progress of the battle is totally misrepresented. The Turkish casualty figure of 100,000 for both theaters seems incredibly high (though Edward Erickson's _Ordered to Die_ , by an author who knows Turkish sources, gives a far more astounding figure, 250,000.)
Hall is addicted to military and diplomatic second-guessing, which grows tiresome by the end of the book. Though he puts his finger on the more consequential faux pas (the inability of the Russian government to arbitrate Balkan League conflicts, the confusion in Sofia at the opening of the 2nd Balkan War), I would prefer analysis of why errors were made to shoulda-coulda. I would also question Hall's understanding of cholera (which rivaled combat as a source of death); it was most likely not spread by armies, but by soldiers' repeated use of untreated water-hence its reoccurrence in eastern Thrace.
Above all, even for a short book, one would like more on the human rather than strictly political consequences of the war. Virtually nothing is said of the fate of the millions of ethnic Turks and Slavic-speaking Muslims trapped in non-Muslim states as a result of the Balkan Wars. Maybe Hall himself will someday write a more complete book on the wars (and, I hope, get better editorial support).
20 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
"Some damned silly thing in the Balkans"
By Mark Howells
As Bismarck is attributed as saying in 1898, "If there ever is another war in Europe, it will come out of some damned silly thing in the Balkans."
This book is a diplomatic and military history of the First and Second Balkan wars. It's rather amazing that these local conflicts were not the "damn silly thing" and did not erupt into a wider conflict. It would take Princip's shots at Sarajevo to spread the flames of war to the Great Powers.
Much of the belligerent nations' subsequent diplomatic decisions can be attributed to the events and results of the Balkan Wars. Bulgaria's alliances with Germany in the subsequent two world wars are clearly rooted in the Balkan Wars. Serbia's actions and the Austrian reactions to them were first choreographed during the Balkan Wars - with disastrous consequences in July of 1914.
The book provides excellent background on the early 20th century conflicts which incubated today's controversies regarding Macedonia, Kosovo, and other lingering Balkan animosities.
The author makes the point that in the Balkans, there was almost no pause between these wars and the beginning of the Great War. Many of the belligerents were engaged from 1912 until the Armistice of 1918.
Because of the short time between the end of the Balkan Wars and the beginning of the Great War, the author argues that the military lessons of the Balkan Wars regarding machine guns, quick firing artillery, and aircraft reconnaissance could not be properly absorbed by the military tacticians of the day.
Of particular interest to military historians is the book's description of the Gallipoli campaign during the First Balkan War in which the Turks conducted an amphibious assault against the defending Bulgarians. The Turks were able to make good their lessons learned from their attack when they were in the reverse role of defending against the British and ANZACs in 1915.
The Great Power conferences which finalized the results of the two Balkan wars were like the last symphonies in the Concert of Europe. The Balkan belligerents had to maintain one eye on their patrons among the Great Powers as they pursued their territorial goals. Never again would Great Power diplomatic pressure alone be successful in redrawing the borders of Europe. For example, the birth of the Albanian state as a result of Austrian and Italian interests against those of Serbia and Greece was a major outcome of the First Balkan War.
I could only give this book three stars due to some shortcomings. The maps are simple line drawings and do not provide enough detail to adequately support the text. The author has a habit of "giving away" the results of a battle before his description of the entire event is complete. For example, indicating that control of a road would be critical to an army's eventual retreat before describing the actual battle. Finally, the author has a predilection towards perfect hindsight judgments regarding the belligerents' ways and means.
Overall, a nice and short read on a little documented prelude to the Great War.
17 of 19 people found the following review helpful.
Fills a gap in 20th Century European History
By Tim Paris
Most students of modern Europe will have learned something of the Balkan Wars, those two localized conflicts involving Turkey which occurred on the eve of, and were among the causes of, World War I. But few studies of 20th century Europe, or even of the Great War and its causes, provide more than mere mention of these obscure wars. Richard Hall goes far towards remedying the problem in this concise (143 pp., 165 pp. with endnotes and bibliography) study.
Hall covers much of the basic ground: why the wars occurred; who was allied with whom and why; the size, training, armaments and disposition of the competing forces; the strategy and tactics of the campaigns; and, a succinct explanation of the results. Hall also appears well-equipped to analyze these wars. In addition to relying on contemporaneous accounts by French, German, British and American observers, Hall also cites numerous works in Serbo-Croation and Bulgarian. Perhaps one reason why there has never appeared a good summary of the Balkan Wars is that a command of several languages is needed in order to write a reliable one. Except for Greek and Turkish sources, Hall seems to have examined the available primary sources.
Only two criticisms can be fairly lodged against this study. First, while readers will recognize that this work was intended to be rather short ( it forms a part of the Warfare and History series under the general editorship of Jeremy Black), Hall might have spent a little more time integrating the Balkan Wars into the larger picture of instability which characterized early 20th century Europe. How did the Balkan Wars affect the attitudes, if not the alignments, of the Great Powers? Did the Balkan Wars really bring the Great Powers closer to European War? Could a remedy to the competing interests of the countries involved have been fashioned in such a way as to defuse the Balkan powder keg? Hall's study might have dealt with these larger questions more thoroughly.
Of less importance, the text is marred by numerous editing errors and by inadequate maps. I always read history with historical atlases by my side; but none that I own provide good maps of these wars. The publishers missed a real opportunity to remedy this problem with Hall's book; more detailed and well-developed maps would have greatly enhanced the text.
Still, this book goes far towards filling in a significant gap in modern European history and is recommended for students of modern Europe and particularly for those interested in the Balkans or in the origins of the First World War.
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